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I'll assume it's the standard upgrade time. So 5 days to level 2 and then 10 days for level 3. Also I would recommend you to manually upgrade it due to it having a tree. As well, you do not need to have anything in the stockpile of it.
Yes, it still requires you have your defense score up. Also requires a the level 2 happiness rating. (see the wiki on that, I don't recall if it's 70 or 75)